As a specialized pump device that relies on fluid momentum transfer to achieve energy conversion, the temperature of the working fluid affects its performance across multiple dimensions, including fluid dynamics, cavitation, energy conversion efficiency, and system stability. These effects not only determine the operating parameters of the jet suction pump but also directly impact its applicability and economic viability in practical applications.
Increasing the working fluid temperature significantly alters the fluid's physical properties, most critically the increase in vaporization pressure. As the temperature rises, the fluid's vaporization pressure increases, making it more likely to vaporize under the same pressure conditions. This characteristic directly impacts the jet suction pump's suction performance. Within the jet suction pump's suction chamber, the working fluid forms a high-speed jet through the nozzle, creating a low-pressure zone to draw in the conveyed fluid. If the working fluid temperature is too high, its vaporization pressure approaches or exceeds the low-pressure value of the suction chamber, causing premature vaporization during the suction process and forming bubbles. When these bubbles rapidly collapse in the high-pressure zone, they generate localized shock waves, triggering cavitation. This not only causes energy loss but also erodes the pump's internal structure, shortening the equipment's lifespan.
Intensified cavitation can further deteriorate the performance of a jet suction pump. As the working fluid temperature continues to rise, the cavitation head decreases, and the cavitation flow rate ratio decreases. This means the pump can draw less fluid under the same operating conditions, reducing its delivery capacity. Furthermore, the vibration and noise generated by cavitation can disrupt normal pump operation and even cause system instability. Furthermore, cavitation damages the pump's internal flow path structure, increasing fluid resistance and reducing energy conversion efficiency, significantly compromising the performance of a jet suction pump under high-temperature conditions.
In contrast, lowering the working fluid temperature can effectively improve jet suction pump performance. Lowering the temperature reduces the fluid's vapor pressure, increases the cavitation head, and strengthens the pump's cavitation resistance. This allows the jet suction pump to draw more fluid under the same operating pressure, improving the flow rate ratio and delivery efficiency. Furthermore, lower-temperature fluids experience less energy loss during the mixing process, resulting in more efficient conversion of kinetic energy to pressure energy, thereby increasing the pump's output pressure and head. Furthermore, operating under low-temperature conditions reduces cavitation within the pump, reducing vibration and noise, and ensuring smoother and more reliable system operation.
The working fluid temperature also significantly affects the energy conversion efficiency of a jet suction pump. Under high-temperature operating conditions, cavitation causes some energy to be diverted to overcome the resistance created by cavitation, resulting in reduced energy conversion efficiency. Under low-temperature operating conditions, cavitation is reduced, energy losses are minimized, and more energy is effectively utilized for fluid transportation and pressurization, thereby improving the pump's overall efficiency. This increased efficiency not only helps reduce energy consumption but also lowers operating costs, improving system economics.
Furthermore, the working fluid temperature also affects the applicable range of a jet suction pump. In some specialized applications, such as high-temperature liquid transportation or refrigeration systems, the working fluid temperature is relatively high, placing higher demands on the performance of the jet suction pump. Failure to fully consider cavitation issues under high-temperature operating conditions in the pump design may result in improper operation or frequent failures. Therefore, when selecting a jet suction pump, it is important to carefully consider the actual working fluid temperature range to ensure stable performance under high-temperature conditions.
Working fluid temperature is a key factor affecting the performance of a jet suction pump. By properly controlling the working fluid temperature, we can optimize the pump's cavitation performance, improve energy conversion efficiency, and expand its application range, thereby ensuring that the jet suction pump can achieve optimal performance under various operating conditions.
